Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Money - Essay Example limited compensation period, bookkeeping pace of return, net present worth, inner pace of return, changed pace of return and benefit record (Shapiro and Balbirer, 2003, pp.242). Notwithstanding, I discover Net Present Value (NPV) as the most solid capital planning strategy. I will bolster my point by giving a careful relative examination of NPV with the four most regular procedures, bookkeeping pace of return, restitution period and inward pace of return. Every technique is clarified with the assistance of numerical models found in the Appendix. Net Present Value is a method which considers the time estimation of cash. NPV for an undertaking is determined by discovering the current worth (PV) of all the future incomes, which the interest in the venture is relied upon to create. The PV of future incomes is found by limiting them at the normal pace of return or cost of capital. At that point, aggregate of the PV of all incomes is contrasted and the expense of speculation (Hampton, 1998, pp. 328). The choice rule of a task is that, if the PV of future incomes is more prominent than the underlying expense of venture, the undertaking ought to be chosen. At the end of the day, NPV discloses to us the current worth of incomes which would be produced by the task in future; consequently, if the underlying speculation that we make today is less that the normal incomes present worth, it implies we will take care of our expense, at exactly that point it will be shrewd to choose an undertaking. The equation to compute NPV is aggregate of present estimations of future incomes less beginning venture cost. A standard says that any task which has NPV more prominent than $0 ought to be chosen, in any case, if there should be an occurrence of fundamentally unrelated ventures; where you need to pick one out of the considerable number of options, pick the one which shows a higher NPV. The accompanying passages will do an inside and out investigation of the focal points and drawbacks of utilizing this strategy, so we can have a more clear thought regarding circumstances when it can profoundly help venture

John Adams Essays (1660 words) - John Adams,

John Adams John Adams, who turned into the second leader of the United States, has been blamed by certain students of history for being the nearest thing America at any point had to a tyrant or ruler (Onuf, 1993). Such solid allegations ought to be analyzed with regards to the time in which Mr. Adams lived and served. A closer assessment of the recorded occasions happening during his bad habit administration and his term as president, emphatically recommends that Adams was not, truth be told, a despot. Without a doubt, aside from his absence of allure and political appeal, Adams had a fruitful political vocation before joining the new national government. He was, also, exceptionally looked for after as a local official during the early arrangement of the new government power (Ferling, 1992). Adams was a knowledgeable, prepared nationalist, and experienced negotiator. He was the sprinter up in the political race where George Washington was chosen the primary United States President. As indicated by the constituent school arrangement of that time, the second competitor with the most appointive votes turned into the Vice President (Smelser Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson, a veteran government official turned into the Secretary of State and Hamiliton, a youthful, straightforward New Yorker legal advisor, turned into the Secretary of the Treasury (Ferling, 1992). Jefferson, similar to Adams, had likewise marked the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, be that as it may, was the main bureau part generally obscure to Adams (Ferling, 1992). It was Hamilton, in any case, who exceeded expectations during this new organization by starting various, creative, and frequently questionable projects, a large number of which were very fruitful. Adams and Hamilton were the two Federalists. Dissimilar to Hamiliton, Adams was progressively moderate (Smelser Wood, 1992). He was, be that as it may, very keen and clearly had a safe confidence, being very willing the test cus tom (Wood, 1992). Adams was a seriously self-contemplative man, however sure (Calhoon, 1976). By 1795, clash was seething with France. Washington clarified that he was not coming back to office. This, just because, gave the drive to the two varying political methods of reasoning to adjust into independent gatherings, despite the fact that the Federalists never believed themselves to be a gathering (Wood, 1992). Hamilton attempted to by-pass Adams by designating Carolinian Thomas Pickney (Ferling, 1992). He had impelled a comparative connivance to shield Adams from vanquishing Washington in the second national political race, as Adams had found (DeCarolis, 1995). Despite the isolated Federalists, Adams crushed Thomas Jefferson by three discretionary votes. He turned into the subsequent president and Jefferson, having the second biggest number of votes, became VP. This occasion, as well, is critical in light of the fact that without precedent for office here were two men of very surpr ising methods of reasoning of government, endeavoring to run the nation together. Adams' administration was unpleasant from the snapshot of his initiation. In his location, he tried to clarify that he was not a monarchist (Allison, 1966). France had announced to hold onto American boats. The nation was isolated about whether to be expert British (as was Hamilton) or star France (as was Jefferson). Hamiliton in the long run surrendered the situation of monitor general, however kept on sending Adams spontaneous proposals with respect to international strategy issues (DeCarolis, 1995). Adams hated Hamilton's intruding in his official rights. He in the long run ousted two other Hamiltonian bureau

For Deferred Students

For Deferred Students So, if youve been deferred, you may be asking, What now? Is it all over for me? At MIT, a deferral isnt just a polite rejection. Your application will once again be considered by the committee during regular action. You are at no advantage or disadvantage versus the regular action applications. We will admit the best applications we can during regular action, regardless of when the application was submitted. In each of the past few years, we have admitted hundreds of deferred students during regular action: last year, we admitted 267 deferred students during regular action, and 326 the year before. What should I do now? I recommend spending the next couple weeks before January 1 working on regular action applications for other schools. You should still put the same energy and thought you put into your MIT application into your other applications. You may also want to reread Marilees recent post. [But MIT is my dream school, I cant imagine being happy anywhere else!] [This doesnt apply to everyone, but occasionally some students become so focused on MIT they cant see all the other amazing schools that are out there. For those students who are really attracted to MITs campus culture, Ive found these students often are also happy at many other schools, including Caltech (January 1 deadline), Carnegie Mellon (Jan. 1), Cooper Union (varies), Harvey Mudd (Jan. 15), Olin College (Jan. 6), RPI (Jan. 1), and the University of Chicago (Jan. 1). For those students who particularly like the Boston area, you can also look at Boston College (Jan. 2), Boston University (Jan. 3), Brandeis University (Jan. 15), Harvard University (Jan. 1), Northeastern University (Jan. 15), Tufts University (Jan. 1), and Wellesley College (Jan. 15), among others.] Should I send in extra materials? The only thing we ask that you send in is the midyear grade report. You can download one off of the MyMIT website if you need one. Your semester grades are very important so keep working hard. Wed like this report as soon as possible after your grades are available; by the beginning of February would be great, but definitely by the end of February. You may also want to keep us up-to-date with any news in your life. This is not required nor is it expected, but if anything exciting happens definitely let us know. Its best if you send any such letter by the end of January, but you may keep us in the loop through the time we mail regular action decisions in mid-March. Should I send in a whole new version of my application? No. You do not need to improve your application, or redo/edit/modify part or all of your application. You were deferred because your application was already strong enough to make you a contender in the Regular Action round. Let your application stand. What about extra essays, recommendations, etc? You may send along anything (such as) that you feel would be helpful to the committee. We do not expect or require any of these things. Simply sending in additional materials does not by itself increase your chances of admission. What other advice do you have? You should check in with your guidance/college counselor. Often, their years of experience provide wisdom and insight into your particular situation. Theyre more than welcome to give our office a call if our decision isnt consistent with their experience, or just to talk about the process. Can I call admissions to find out The Reason why I was deferred? If you call in, we will not be able to tell you the reason why you were deferred, or what needs to be improved, simply because things are much more complex than just one reason why you were deferred. Usually, when I take a call from a deferred applicant, theres nothing that I see to be lacking or needing improvement most of our deferred students submitted very strong applications, the kinds of applications any school (including MIT) would love to have in their student body. Honestly. Im glad to see from the comments that most of you, while understandably disappointed, are remaining upbeat, continuing to work on other applications, and knowing that one year from now, youll be getting ready to take a holiday break from some really amazing school (maybe MIT) to spend some quality time with loved ones. Being an optimist, I know that things always turn out well in the end.

New York s Jewish Museum - 1123 Words

Crowdsourced Documentation September 16, 2016, Take me (I’m Yours) took place at New York’s Jewish Museum, as its first ever exhibition made possible by the digital crowdfunding campaign via Kickstarter. With a total $31,018 pledged, 340 backers helped forty-two international and intergenerational artists create 400,000+ artworks to be given away during this unconventional exhibition, visitors are encouraged to participate, touch, and even take the artworks on view home with them. Crowdfunding has become commonplace in the art world, but the Jewish Museum launched its first Kickstarter campaign for a number of reasons, of course, in order to fabricate the thousands upon thousands of artworks needed to keep the show fully-stocked throughout its run. Also, through Kickstarter platform, it creates a real Receive Me (I’m Yours) dynamic for reaching a real community around the museum, staging a online dialogue with its donors, eventually orchestrating a unique network in which participatory behaviours translate the collective online vision into physical space. Take me (I’m Yours) aims to create a democratic space for all visitors to take ownership of artworks, and curate their personal art collections, by subverting typical museum practices. Visitors constantly transform the landscape of the galleries, bit by bit, through direct engagement, eventually the exhibition will disappear entirely. (Museum, 2016a) â€Å"Take Me (I’m Yours)† is an â€Å"extremely radical exhibition that reallyShow MoreRelatedNew York s Jewish Museum1085 Words   |  5 Pagestook place at New York’s Jewish Museum, as its first ever exhibition made possible by digital crowdfunding campaign via Kickstarter. With a total $31,018 pledged, 340 backers helped forty-two international and intergenerational artists create 400,000+ artworks to be given away during this unconventional exhibition, visitors are encouraged to participate, touch, and even take the artworks on view home with them. Crowdfunding has become commonplace in the art world, but the Jewish Museum launched itsRead MoreAre Asher Levs Paintings Disrespectful to His Parents?1598 Words   |  7 PagescenterbAre Asher s paintings of the Cruxifixion an ultimate act of disrespect towards his parents?/b/center br brAsher Lev paints against the values of his family and community. He disregards Jewish traditions and observance by pursuing his passion for art. His individuality has him disobeying the Rebbe, the mashphia, his mythic ancestor as well as his parents. Asher does not intend for his artwork to be harmful, but that they convey truths and feelings. Yet, the Brooklyn CrucifixionsRead MoreThe Victimization of The Jewish Culture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesCrime Report accounts that Jewish people are affected more by hate crimes than any other religion. According to the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, â€Å"Antisemitism is the prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews†¦ can manife st itself in a number of forms, including discrimination against individuals, the dissemination of hate literature about Jewish people, arson directed against Jewish cultural or religious institutions, or organized violence against Jewish communities (pogroms)† (2011)Read MoreThe Holocaust And Its Effects On The Jews And The Rest Of The World1213 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduced. Hitler believed that the ‘personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew’ (R Smith, 2009). His entire purpose was to create a race of ethnic Germans by developing these policies diminishing the Jewish race’s chances of producing children. As well as targeting the Jews, Hitler also introduced the sterilization of people with mental and physical disabilities. Within these policies more than 400 000 people were sterilized while 5000 of them died asRead MoreDocumenting Exhibition Behaviours ( Online )1100 Words   |  5 Pages$100. (Koblin a nd Kawashima 2007) The producers and viewers of the work are carefully tracked on the website, even if they do not buy the work – average times spent and the location of visitors from Egypt to the Philippines are logged. (Graham, 2014) New media artworks that are ‘installed’ only online, and are ‘site-specific’ to the World Wide Web, must be considered carefully for interactive behaviours, but as the Internet is inherently interactive, net artists are well used to this. www_hack (2010)Read MoreNew Media Art With Its Intrinsic Characteristics3185 Words   |  13 Pages Crowdsourced Documentation New media art with its intrinsic characteristics (instability and variability)[1] poses complex challenges in documentation, this observation is not new, and initiatives such as the DOCAM [2] (Documentation and Conservation of Media Arts Heritage) and Variable Media Network[3] have provided methods and tools to properly document media artworks. Nevertheless, the social phenomena of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding, presents new challenges for the established documentationRead MoreMussolini s Main Goals For Italy1177 Words   |  5 Pagesspoken by Yehuda Bauer, 65 years after the start of the Holocaust. Italy, under the rule of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, was one of the many countries who turned her back on the Jewish people. Because of political, social and economic reasons, Italy was a bystander to the heinous crimes inflicted on the Jewish population. Benito Mussolini took control of the Italian government in 1922, and ruled until 1943. Under Mussolini’s rule, democratic institutions were shut down. The shutdown of democraticRead MoreNew Media Art With Its Intrinsic Characteristics2882 Words   |  12 Pages Crowdsourced Documentation New media art with its intrinsic characteristics (instability and variability)[1] poses complex challenges in documentation, this observation is not new, and initiatives such as DOCAM[2] and Variable Media Network[3] have provided methods and tools to properly document media artworks. Nevertheless, the social phenomena of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding, presents new challenges for established documentation methods and standards. This essay aims to address thisRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing in his father s footsteps and teaching English and philosophy to unruly boys at Bishop Wordsworth’s School, Golding abandoned his profession to join the Royal Navy and fight in World War II. Golding has said of the war, â€Å"I began to see what people were capable of doing. Anyone who moved through those years without understanding that man produces evil as a bee produces honey, must have been blind or wrong in the head† (â€Å"William Golding†). Written in the early 1950’s in Salisbury, England,Read MoreGenocide from the Jews in the Holocaust to the Mayans in Guatemala848 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiment begins with a student’s question about the Holocaust which Jones cannot answer. The Holocaust was a horrific event that occurred from 1933 to 1945. This atrocity was initiated by Adolf Hitler, who tortured and murdered over eleven million Jewish people in extermination camps. Today, the Holocaust is considered â€Å"genocide,† a word that was first coined in 1944 by a lawyer by the name of Raphael Lemkin. Genocide is â€Å"the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political

The Challenges of Leadership - 1263 Words

The Challenges of Leadership Desire, determination, effectiveness, passion, management skills, being able to inspire, positive attitude, knowing who you are, what to do or not; these are all characteristics of a leader . â€Å"Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.† (Concept of Leadership, 2010). In this 21st century world we are living in and with all the complex changes happening and the many ways businesses are being conducted and operated, leadership skills are definitely needed but are becoming more and more challenging to obtain because leadership is a process which is put in place in order to influence a group†¦show more content†¦Another leadership challenge is to be able to build high quality value partnership by constantly recruiting knowledgeable partners by seeking out the most relevant investors, customers, and employees to create differentiated value and c ompetitive advantage† (Higgings amp; Kreischer). And also by building relationship that encourages willpower, integrity, optimism and positivity. It is also important to recognize that intricate problems require being able to work across disciplines inside and outside an organization through capitalization. By being able to establish high quality partnership that will constantly strives to improve their partnership. Last but not least leading with a clear, inspiring vision and a sharp engaging focus can be a challenging aspect of a leadership role. It is important to set and communicate a clear compellingShow MoreRelatedLeadership Challenge1364 Words   |  6 PagesTrust and Employee Empowerment My Personal Leadership Challenge Prepared For: Dr. Carolin Rekar Munro, CHRP, CTDP TRMN 501- Individual Assignment #1 Prepared by: Ivan Mansanet Date: February 10, 2013 Table of Contents Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Leadership Challenge1314 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ The Leadership Challenge Stacey Caudle Liberty University Abstract â€Å"Everyone has a role in accomplishing the mission and everyone directly impacts the effectiveness of his or her organization† (Horton, p 247). According to Conger and Benjamin (1999), creditability and authenticity lie at the heart of leadership, therefore, determining and defining one’s own guiding beliefs and assumptions lie at the heart of becoming a great leader. Providing directionRead MoreAccepting The Leadership Challenge Of Leadership1100 Words   |  5 PagesAccepting the Leadership Challenge When I decided to follow the advice of our CFO to take a leadership class, I was expecting to learn how great leaders think, how leaders manage people, and what makes a person a great leader. I was looking for an inspiration, and I was hungry for leadership knowledge. Going back to week one of the Leadership class, we were asked to define in our own words what is leadership. I described a good leader as a good follower because I believe in servant leadership. AccordingRead MoreEssay on The Leadership Challenge1266 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment today is leadership. Leadership is what individuals do to mobilize other people in organizations and communities. According to Kouzes Posner, there are five practices and ten commitments of exemplary leadership. The five practices of exemplary leadership include: Model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. In the Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner found similar pattern s and actions of leadership that created the essentialsRead MoreThe Challenge Of Organizational Leadership Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagescreativity in leading the early Christian communities from insular spirituality to a global social or religious force, and then apply these concepts to the challenge of organizational leadership today by using Sacred Texture Analysis understanding on how Apostle Peter was saying about the principles of the concepts to the challenge of organizational leadership today, I must use the application of exegesis with the guidance of the Holy Spirit. These are my insights. 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In the Light of the Energy Systems Used During Prolonged Free Essays

string(111) " at a fast paced but still provide enough oxygen to your cell to satisfy your aerobic needs \(Swanson, 1992\)\." Coursework 2 Name: Mohamed Abdulwahab Exercise metabolism Title: In the light of the energy systems used during prolonged endurance events, critically analyse the nutritional strategies that a marathon runner should adopt before and whilst running a marathon in temperate environmental conditions (16-18oC). 1. Introduction: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on In the Light of the Energy Systems Used During Prolonged or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Energy intake: 1. 2 Fluid intake: 1. 3 Carbohydrate intake: 2. Building energy and fluid: 1. Before competition: 2. During competition: 3. Nutritional recommendation: 3. 0 Summary: 4. 0 Reference: 1. 0 Introduction: The term energy system refers to the body’s ability, or power, to do physical work. The energy system requires to do body work that takes several different forms: mechanical, electrical, light, radiant, and heat (Economos, 1993). Energy system is like matter, which can neither be created nor destroyed (Bortz, 1993). It can only be changed into another form; therefore energy is constant cycle in the body and environment (Nelson, 1993). Potential energy is stored energy which is ready to be used. Kinetics energy is active energy which can be used to do work (Burke, 1991). Energy balance n a physical activity requires a base of sound nutrition to supply the substrate fuels, which along with oxygen (O2) and water (H2O) meet widely varying levels of energy demand for body action (Gollan, 1991). Fuel sources are the basic energy nutrition in the diet, primarily carbohydrate and some fat (Read, 1991). Their metabolic products-glucose, glycogen, and fatty acids-provide ready fuel sour ced for the chemical energy reactions within cells (Murray, 1998). The main energy compound of the body cells is needed during a marathon run is aerobic system (Horswill, 1998). It has rightly a form of energy currency of the cell. A long-term energy system, when exercising more than 2 minutes is required O2 dependant, or aerobic energy system (Pate, 1992). A constant supply of O2 in the blood is necessary for continued exercise (Branch, 1992). Especially cells organelles, the mitochondria are located within each cell, produce large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Hargreaves, 1996). The ATP is produced mainly from glucose and fatty acids and supplies the continued energy needs of the body (Dillo, 1996). When the fuel nutrition becomes depleted during exercise, as an energy demands increase the body burns blood glucose and muscle glycogen as well as reserves from fatty acids to provide energy (Angus, 1996). With prolonged exercise levels of these nutrition fail too low to sustain the body continued demands, fatigue followed and exhaustion threatens (Fabbriao, 1996). A marathon runner, energy system is defined as aerobic capacity, which depends on the body’s ability to deliver and the use of O2 in sufficient quantities to meet the demands of increased level of exercise (Coyle, 1986). O2 uptake increases with exercise intensity until either the demand is net or the ability to supply it is exceeded (Hammert, 1986). The maximum rate that the body can take in O2, or aerobic capacity is called the Vo2max the maximum uptake volume of O2 (Ivy, 1986). This capacity determines the intensity and duration of exercise that an athlete can perform (Coyle, 1986). A long-distance race requires the sustained production of high rates of energy production, with the typical contribution of aerobic energy system varying according to the duration of the race (Costill, 1985). Aerobic metabolism accounts for the greater majority of the energy cost of long-distance events, especially half-marathon and marathon races (William, 1996). The elite level of long-distance running, particularly in males, is dominated by African runners, are outstanding competitor in half-marathon and marathon events (Wilson, 1996). 1. 1 Energy intake: Endurance athletes are involved in events where there is continuous movement for longer than 30 minutes (Burrin, 1996). Some endurance sports combine periods of slow, continuous movement with periods of fast, quick burst of movement, and other endurance sports require continuous movement overlong-distances or time periods (Tsintzas, 1995). In the types of activity there is a premium on supplying sufficient energy and fluid to assure that the athlete does not become exhausted or over-heated from the continuous energy burn (Williams, 1995). A failure to supply sufficient energy of the right type will lead to early fatigue and poor athletic performance (Williams, 1995). The goal for the endurance athlete is therefore to establish a workable strategy for supplying sufficient energy and fluids (Williams, 1995). Before and during practice and competition to sustain muscular work for a long-duration and at the highest possible intensity (Wilson, 1995). Aerobic metabolism is the energy system of greatest importance for endurance athletes. In this energy pathway oxygen is used to help transfer phosphorus into new ATP molecules (Burrin, 1995). Aerobic metabolism occurs in the mitochondria of the cells, where the vast majority of all ATP is produced from the entering acetyl-CoA, (Burrin, 1995). Fast can be converted to acetyl-CoA through a process called beta-oxidative metabolism pathway (Burrin, 1995). This pathway is very oxygen dependant which means that fast can only be burned aerobically (Wilson, 1995). The ability of an athlete to achieve a steady state of oxygen uptake into the cells is a function of how well an athlete is aerobically conditioned (Coggan, 1992). An athlete that frequently trains aerobically is likely to reach a steady state faster than one does not train aerobically (Coggan, 1992). In theory once an athlete reaches a level of oxygen uptake that matches oxygen requirement for the given level of exertion (Coggan, 1992). The exercise could go on for as long as the body’s carbohydrate level and fluid did not reach a critical state (Sherman, 1996). For instance a long-distance runner is in a steady state could continue running provided the runner replaced the carbohydrate and fluid that are used in the activity (Sherman, 1995). Therefore, endurance is enhanced with a periodic intake of carbohydrates and fluid during the activity (Swanson, 1992). Athletes with different levels of conditioning are likely to achieve steady state at different levels of exercise intensity (Sherman, 1995). When athletes are being well-conditioned they might be able to maintain a steady state at a high enough level of exercise intensity to easily win a race (Williams, 1995. In other words, they can go really at a fast paced but still provide enough oxygen to your cell to satisfy your aerobic needs (Swanson, 1992). You read "In the Light of the Energy Systems Used During Prolonged" in category "Essay examples" 1. 2 Fluid: As athletes exercise there is an inevitable loss of body water through sweat (Economos, 1993). The cooling system plus the normal urinary water loss may amount cover 10 litres of daily water loss when exercising in a warm environment (Borts, 1993). In a hot or humid environment water losses may exceed three litres per hour, but may be less than 0. 5 litres per hour cool dry environment (Nelson, 1993). Despite the high rates of sweat losses experienced by athletes, most athletes replace on fifty percent of the water that is lost, a behaviour that inevitably leads to progressive dehydration and a decline in performance (Nelson, 1993). Researches have clearly demonstrated that even a slight dehydration of two percent of body weight causes a measureable decrease in athletic performance (Borts, 1993). Therefore, when athletes take steps to satisfy fluid requirements, they are helping to guarantee optimal athletic performance (Economos, 1993). 1. 3 Carbohydrate: Athletes require carbohydrate during both low and high intensity activities (Burke, 1991). When carbohydrate stores are depleted the athlete quickly becomes fatigued and performance drops dramatically (Gollan, 1991). However, since the storage level of carbohydrate is relatively low gen compared fat stores; athletes must make a conscious effort to replace carbohydrate at every opportunity (Read, 1991). When having high levels of stored carbohydrate (glycogen) and consuming carbohydrates during exercise that last up to an hour or more are well-established techniques for optimizing athletic endurance (Murray, 1998). Consuming carbohydrate during exercise helps to maintain blood sugar (glucose) and insulin, which encourages sugar uptake by working muscles (Horswill, 1998). This helps to increase the muscular metabolism of carbohydrates and also helps to assure that carbohydrates are not depleted during exercise (Horswill, 1998). The concentration of carbohydrate consumed early during endurance running may influence the degree to which the athlete gets gastrointestinal (GI), discomfort (Murray, 1998). It was found that a 5. 5 percent (13 gram of carbohydrate per 8 ounces of fluid), carbohydrate solution produced the same level (relative low) of GI distress as plain water (Pate, 1992). A 6. percent (18 gram of carbohydrate per 8 ounces of fluid), solution, on the other hand, doubled the incident of distress when athletes were asked to perform the same exercise (Branch, 1992). In addition, only the 5. 5 percent carbohydrate solution imparted a significant improvement in performance (Branch, 1992). In a study of marathon running performance, that are running over 26 miles, were asked to consume either water, a 5. 5 percent carbohydrate solution or a 6. 9 p ercent carbohydrate solution on three occasions (Pate, 1992). The fastest times were recorded when they consumed the 5. 5percent carbohydrate solution, while consuming the 6. 9 percent solution resulted in times that were similar to consuming plain water (Hargreaves, 1996). Although, athletes have a tremendous need for carbohydrate, trying to provide too much too fast causes difficulties and may detract from performance (Dillo, 1996). Therefore, it appears clear that having a carbohydrate containing beverages during exercise is a very good thing to do (Angus, 1996). Resynthesis of glycogen following activity is also important, since glycogen reserves are severely depleted following activity lasting an hour or longer (Fabbrioa, 1996). The efficiency of glycogen resynthesis is dependent on several factors, including: (1) the timing of carbohydrate intake, (2) the amount of carbohydrate consumed, (3) the type of carbohydrate consumed, and (4), the degree to which muscles has been damaged during the exercise (Fabbrioa, 1996). 2. 0 Building energy and fluid: The importance of building and maintaining energy reserves to support endurance exercise is well-established (Angus, 1996). It is very clear that endurance athlete who begins competing with more stored carbohydrates have more available at the end of the competition (Coyle, 1996). This difference alone may be enough to determine the winner. In addition, athletes who are better hydrates during competition perform better than those who are less well-hydrated (Coyle, 1996). Having optimal carbohydrates and fluid intake does not happen automatically. It is something that must occur with foresight and planning (Angus, 1996). 2. 1 Before competition: When consuming carbohydrates prior to exercise, there is improved performance. The general recommendation is for athletes to consume between 800 to 1200 calories during the hours that precede competition (Costill, 1985). Foods consumed prior to competition should be foods that have been consumed without difficult prior to training (Costill, 1985). Trying to improve carbohydrate status before a competition by trying out new foods, like gels or sports drinks is an almost guaranteed formula for competitive disaster (Costill, 1985). Consumption of fluids prior to competition is also important and since glycogen storage requires additional fluids carbohydrate consumption should lways take place with substantial fluid intake (William, 1996). Since it is common for athletes to drink only when thirsty a conscious effort should be make to consume fluids even when not thirsty (William, 1996). Getting and staying well-hydrated may be the single most important thing athlete can do to assure good athletic performance (Wilson, 1996). Since it is almost impossible to adequate ly replace all fluids lost during training or competition it is useful for athletes to enter the exercise in a well-hydrated state (Burrin, 1996). It is impossible to become well-hydrated during exercise if athlete enters the exercise poorly hydrated to begin with (Burrin, 1996). Assuming that ample fluids have been consumed during the day leading up to the re-competition or practice athletes should consume an additional 10 to 13 gram of fluid approximately two hours before the exercise begins (Wilson, 1996). After this fluids should be consumed every 15 to 30 minutes to maintain prior to exercise (William, 1996). The athlete will know if you’ve adequately hydrated yourself by checking on the colour of the athlete urine (Tsintzas, 1995). Dark urine suggests that athlete is not well-hydrated, while clear urine suggests that athlete is well-hydrated (Stanzas, 1995). Using sports beverages (lucazad) prior to exercise is useful because they provide the two things athletes need the most: carbohydrates and fluids (William, 1995). Since carbohydrate is typically the limiting energy substance (that will run out before fat or protein runs out) in exercise (William, 1995). When starting exercise with more of it is in the tissues should aid exercise endurance (William, 1995). In low-intensity but long-duration exercise, fat may be the primarily fuel, but fat requires carbohydrates to burn completely (Singh, 1995). In either case, when carbohydrates (glycogen stores and blood glucose) are depleted, exercise performance is dramatically reduced (Wilson, 1995). This basis behind carbohydrate loading is to put as much carbohydrate in the tissue as they can hold (Wilson, 1995). 2. During competition: A marathon race where fluid are available at regular intervals, the athlete should take full advantage of each fluid station and consume fluid (Burrin, 1995). Since water is constantly being lost, frequent and regular consumption of fluid helps to maintain the body water level (Burrin, 1995). To understand how much fluid an athlete needs to consume during practice or competition, a log should be maintained with the amount of fluid consumed and the beginning and ending weight of the athletes (Sherman, 1995). If an athlete consumes 26 gram during practice and weighs 26 gram less at the end of practice than at the beginning this athletes should learn to consume an additional 26 gram of fluid during practice or competition (Sherman, 1995). Consumption of fluids that contain carbohydrates is important during exercise or competition and properly designed sport beverages can benefit in providing both fluid and carbohydrates quickly (Coggan, 1992). Carbohydrate solution of between 5 and 6 percent delivers both the carbohydrate and the fluid quickly (Swanson, 1992). A higher carbohydrate concentration slows delivery to the muscles by delaying gastric emptying and may increase the risk of gut upset (Swanson, 1992). A small amount of sodium helps drive the desire to drink and in so doing helps to assure that the athlete stays better hydrated (Coggan, 1992). Sodium may also benefit in getting the water and carbohydrate absorbed more quickly as well as helps to maintain blood volume (Economos, 1993). Maintaining of blood volume is an important predictor of athletic performance (Economos, 1993). There is some evidence that hyponatremia (low level of blood sodium), which results from large losses of sodium in sweat that goes unreplaced, occurs endurance and ultra-endurance events (Borts, 1993). This is a rare but a serious condition that may result in comas, or death (Nelson, 1993). The beverage should be taste good to the athlete. The taste sensation may be altered during exercise so there is no guarantee that a fluid, athlete enjoys drinking while exercising. Make sure that an athlete tries different flavours during exercise to determine what is best liked. The carbohydrate should be from a combination of glucose and sucrose. Beverages containing predominantly fructose increase the risk of creating gut upset. 2. 3 Nutritional recommendation: There are several rules of nutrition that apply here. Among them is the idea of the need to consume a wide range of variety of foods to assure that the body is exposed to all of the essential nutrients (Burke, 1991). On the backside of this rule, there is another benefit. By consuming a wide range of variety of foods, athletes can avoid being exposed to any potentially toxic substances that are more prevalent in some foods (Gollan, 1991). Therefore, eating a wide range of variety of foods is a good nutritional rule to live by (Read, 1991). Another rule is the idea that it is possible to eat too much of something, even if athletes think it’s good for them (Read, 1991). Learning to balance the diet through variety will help ensure the body of both proper maintenance and adequate nutrient intake (Gollan, 1991). 3. Summary: In general, athletes with long training schedules should focus on the consumption of diets that are high in carbohydrate and should develop a drinking habit that frequently delivers fluids to the body. While fats, constitute a major proportion of burned energy for endurance (aerobic) activities the storage capacity for fat is relatively high for even the leanest athletes. T he storage capacity for carbohydrate, however, is limited. Since fats require some carbohydrate to be completely burned, the limited storage capacity for carbohydrate cam limit the body ability to burn fat during exercise. To overcome this limitation athlete should be constantly vigilant to keep body stored of carbohydrate at maximal levels before activity begins and should replace carbohydrate during activity throughout whatever means are available. A failure to supply suffienct carbohydrate before and during endurance activity will significantly reduce athletic performance. 4. 0 Reference: †¢ Economos, D. , Borts, Z. , and Nelson, R. 1993. Nutritional practices of elite athletes. Sports. Med. 16:383. †¢ Burke, L. , Gollan, R. , and Read, R. 1991. Dietary intake and food use of groups of elite Australian male athletes. Int. J. Sports Nutr. 1:378. †¢ Murray, R. and Horswill, A. , 1998. Nutrition requirements for competitive sports. In nutrition in exercise and sport, 3ed. 521-558. †¢ Pate, R. , and Branch, D. 1992. Training for endurance sport. Med. Sci. Sports Exer. 24:S340. †¢ Hargreaves, M. , Dillo, P. , Angus, D. , and Fabbraio, M. 1996. Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during pro-longed exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 80:363-6. †¢ Coyle, E. , Coggan, A. , Hammert, M. , and Ivy, L. 1986. Muscle glycogen utilization during pro-longed strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. J. Appl. Physiol. 61:165-172. †¢ Costill, D. 1985. Carbohydrate nutrition before, during, and after exercise. Fed. Proc. 44:364. †¢ William, C. , Wilson, W. , and Burrin, J. 1996. Influence of carbohydrate supplementation early in exercise on endurance running capacity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28:1373-1379. †¢ Tsintzas, O. , Williams, C. , Singh, R. , Wilson, W. , and Burrin, J. 1995. Influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on marathon running performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 70: 154-6. †¢ Sherman, M. 1995. Metabolism of sugars and physical performance. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:228S. †¢ Coggan, A. , and Swanson, S. , 1992. Nutritional manipulations before and during endurance exercise: effects on performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:S331. How to cite In the Light of the Energy Systems Used During Prolonged, Essay examples

Art as study the progression of a civilization through time Essay Example For Students

Art as study the progression of a civilization through time Essay Art can be used to study the progression of a civilization through time. Art is usually used to express ones beliefs religiously, politically, and sometimes as a source of communication, which is accomplished through imagery. Symbols in works of art can be related to nature and myths. 1 From the beginning of Chinese history, art and philosophy worked hand-in-hand with the creation of a work of art. Chinese art was used as evidence of a persons behavior and attitude towards nature and other beings (e. g. the nicer the painting the better the person. )2 During the seventh and eighth centuries Chinese art was at its peak. China at this time was under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the beautiful work being manufactured China became a multinational society. Paintings and sculptures were not the only works that China would receive admiration for. Their music and literature (poems which sometimes explained works of art) were also at their richest points,3 Tang art has incomparable vigor, realism, dignity There is an optimism, an energy, a frank acceptance of tangible reality which gives the same character to all Tang art, whether it be the most splendid fresco from the hand of a master or he humblest tomb figurine made by the village potter. Sullivan 160) When a piece of artistic work was considered good all that really mattered was the amount of effort that went into the piece and not the derivation of the persons economic class. Scarce materials were used very often in the creation of Chinese artifacts. One of the mot famous and revered stones used was Jade, which was very hard and indestructible. Jade cannot be found in China; it was traded with Burma, which is located on the outer edge of China, so it is amazing to know how much work was done with it in the 600 and 700 era. Jade was usually sed in burials in the sealing of the orifices of the body. This mineral was also recognized for having a beautiful reverberating tone. Jade was carved by pulverizing it with the assistance of an abrasive powder, a skill that was modified from the Shang craftsmen from their Neolithic craftsmen. 4 The fine work on the Emerald was done through the use of a wire saw for fine details. Then it is smoothed with a polishing wheel. 5 In the process of working with Jade the artisan would have to form a respect induced relationship between self and the material. When the artist first receives the material he would not begin to arve because the contour, proportions, and decoration of the piece would depend on religious ceremony. Craftsmen would sometimes study a piece of Jade for many years before deciding what to do with it. Jade comes in an array colors ranging from yellow to brown and from light green to bright green, black and dark purple and those of the highest value were white. Each color of Jade had a specific classification such as ink black, snow, kingfisher green, sea green, grass green, vermilion red and mutton-fat. Green stones in Chinese culture are deemed for having healing powers. That was my main reason for having such an interest in relics made from green minerals. 6 The piece I chose to study is called the Nine Elders of the Huichang, Mountain Scene of the celebrated gathering in 845 C. E. The Jade used is green nephrite from Hotan. This piece sits in the Peking Palace Museum. It stands 4 ft. high, 3 ft. wide and weighs 1,830 pounds. This piece was completed in 1786 with the addition of a poem engraved on the back of the figurine by the Qianlong emperor. The frontal view illustrates a scene of the first and second elders playing chess in the gazebo and the third elder bserving. .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc , .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .postImageUrl , .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc , .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:hover , .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:visited , .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:active { border:0!important; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:active , .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u578eb2f62c25f6425fab36c4c066b8dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Three Presidents Reform Policies 19011920 EssayBelow that a small servant boy is boiling water for tea. The fourth and fifth elders are conversing and strolling over the bridge, followed by another boy servant. The remaining four elders can be seen on the reverse side of the effigy. The sixth elder has his hand on a boys head and they are both absorbing the beauty of nature. The seventh senior is walking with the assistance of a bamboo stick and his boy attendant is following behind him. The eighth superior is playing a string instrument called a Qin making music for the listening pleasure of the ninth senior and his boy servant. I was drawn to this piece because it contained such great detail and symbolism. This artifact shows the significance of the respect one should have towards elders. This piece also elaborates on the importance of nature to the Chinese culture. The mountains, trees, and waterfalls are engraved in great detail and that is what makes the carving seem life-like. BIBLIOGRAPHY Burling Hart, Judith and Arthur. Chinese Art. Studio Publications, Inc. Froneck, Thomas. Horizon Book of the Arts of China Horizon Magazine Sickman, Laurence and Super, Alexander. The Art and Architecture of China. Penguin Books Ltd. Third Edition. 1968. Sullivan, Michael. The Arts of China. University of California Press. Los Angeles: 1973 Tregear, Mary. Chinese Art. Thames and Hudson Inc. Revised Edition 1997. Weng, Wang-go and Boda, Yang. The Palace Museum: Peking Treasures of the Forbidden City. The Harry N. Abrams, Inc. New York: 1982 Sharon Matute September 26, 1999 Art 101- 007 Professor Sax African carvings were not considered to be works of art to the African people. They were used for religious purposes and magical ceremonies. A carved image was not an idol or an image of God. It was the proper lace for a spirit to dwell. There were many different kinds of spirits, e. g. the earth, lightning, sun, moon, spirits of the tribal founders which needed a home or dwelling place so they can be categorized. Hence, the statues were used to give the spirits an identity. They were also spirits who were blamed for misfortunes when they occurred. When the spirit enters the statue, it was a tribal custom to provide for the statute as one would for a human. Since the Africans associated the carvings with religion, the sculptures helped them to deal with their psychological issues.